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Visit
Knossos - Phaistos Palace
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Knossos
Knossos is the site of the most important and better known
palace of Minoan civilization. According to tradition, it
was the seat of the legendary king Minos. The Palace is also
connected with thrilling legends, such as the myth of the
Labyrinth with the Minotaur, and the story of Daidalos and
Icaros. The site was continuously inhabited from the Neolithic
period (7000-3000 B.C.) until Roman times. The
Linear B tablets (Mycenaean script) of the 14th century B.C.
mention the city as ko-no-so.
Intensive habitation occured mostly in the Minoan period,
when the so-called first (19th-17th centuries B.C.) and second
palaces (16th-14th centuries B.C.) were built along with luxurious
houses, a hospice and various other structures. After its
partial destruction in 1450 B.C., Knossos was settled by Mycenaeans
from the Greek Mainland. The city flourished again during
the Hellenistic period (sanctuaries of Glaukos, Demeter, other
sanctuaries, chamber tombs, north cemetery, defensive towers)
and in 67 B.C. it was captured by the Roman Quintus Caecilius
Metelus Creticus. The "Villa of Dionysos", a private
house with splendid mosaics was built in the same period.
Phaistos
Phaistos was one of the most important centres of Minoan civilization,
and the most wealthy and powerful city in southern Crete.
It was inhabited from the Neolithic period until the
foundation and development of the Minoan palaces in the 15th
century B.C. The Minoan city covered a considerable area around
the palatial centre. After the destruction of the palace in
the 15th century, the city continued to be inhabited in the
Mycenaean and Geometric periods, that is, until the 8th century
B.C. Later, the temple of Rhea was built to the south of the
old palace. The Hellenistic city was extremely prosperous;
houses of the period are to be seen in the west court (upper
terrace) of the palace.
In
the middle of the 2nd century B.C. it was destroyed and
dominated by the neighbouring city of Gortyn. Traces of
habitation dating from the Venetian period are scattered
in
the whole area. The archaeological investigation of Phaistos
started in 1884 by F. Halbherr and continued by the Italian
Archaeological School at Athens, under the direction of
F. Halbherr and L. Pernier in 1900-1904 and by Doro Levi,
in 1950-1971. Along with the excavations, consolidation
work was carried out by the Italian Archaeological School.
Some of the monuments, mainly the old palace and the royal
quarters of the new palace, were protected under plastic
sheds, while others, like the storerooms of the new palace,
were covered with a concrete roofing.
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